{"id":347,"date":"2024-08-10T21:56:20","date_gmt":"2024-08-10T13:56:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/post.fanshinote.xyz\/?p=347"},"modified":"2024-08-17T13:40:45","modified_gmt":"2024-08-17T05:40:45","slug":"%e6%b1%a4%e5%be%b7%e5%ae%97-%e6%86%b2%e6%b3%95%e5%b0%88%e9%a1%8c%ef%bc%9a%e6%86%b2%e6%b3%95%e7%ac%ac22%e6%a2%9d%e5%a4%a7%e6%b3%95%e5%ae%98%e8%a7%a3%e9%87%8b%e6%9c%83%e9%80%9a%e9%87%8b%e7%be%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/post.kongyou.xyz\/?p=347","title":{"rendered":"\u6c64\u5fb7\u5b97 \u61b2\u6cd5\u5c08\u984c\uff1a\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c22\u689d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u89e3\u91cb\u6703\u901a\u91cb\u7fa9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mac.gov.tw\/cn\/News_Content.aspx?n=FCE654B9A9575A97&amp;sms=26FB481681F7B203&amp;s=D1011F2E4506AD1C\">\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5<\/a> \u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u6761<strong>\u51e1\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u7531\u53ca\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u5bb3\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u8005\uff0c\u5747\u53d7\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4fdd\u969c<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u8b1b\uff1a\u300c\u672a\u5217\u8209\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u300d\u4e4b\u5b9a\u6027\u8207\u610f\u6db5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e00\u3001\u300c\u975e\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u300d\u8aaa\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5433\u5e9a\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6211\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u689d\u6240\u898f\u5b9a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6b0a\u5229\u4e5f\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5229\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51e1\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u7531\u53ca\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u5bb3\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u8005\uff0c\u5747\u53d7\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4fdd\u969c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5217\u8209\u300c\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u300d\u8207\u6982\u62ec\u300c\u975e\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u4e43\u76f8\u5bf9\u800c\u6d41\u52d5\u4e4b\u754c\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9808\u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u59a8\u5bb3\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u6216\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u300d\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u300c\u975e\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u300d\u4e0d\u69cb\u6210\u300c\u4fee\u61b2\u4e4b\u754c\u9650\u300d(Cf.\u91cb\u5b57 499)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001\u300c\u6982\u62ec\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u300d\u8aaa\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u674e\u9707\u5c71\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u6982\u62ec\u689d\u6b3e(S22)\u65e8\u5728\u88dc\u5145\u524d\u6b64\u5217\u8209(\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a)\u4e4b\u4e0d\u8db3\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6545\u987b\u975e\u5c6c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u660e\u6587\u5217\u8209\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u5229\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e3b\u5f35\u8005\u9808\u8209\u8b49\u5176\u5177\u6709(\u653e\u8af8\u56db\u6d77\u7686\u6e96\u4e4b)\u300c\u666e\u904d\u6027\u300d(universality)\u53ca(\u795e\u8056\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fb5\u72af\u4e4b)\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fb5\u5bb3\u6027\u300d(inviolability)\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u300c\u503c\u5f97\u61b2\u6cd5\u4fdd \u8b77\u300d(erfassungsschutzw\u00fcrdige)(\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u61b2\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u503c)\u8005<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9808\u300c\u4e0d\u59a8\u5bb3\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u6216\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u300d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6e6f\u5fb7\u5b97\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u61b2\u6cd5S22 \u56fa\u5728\u88dc\u5145\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u5217\u8209\u57fa\u672c\u4e4b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u60df\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u300c\u6839\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u300d(fundamental rights)\u70ba\u9650\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u9808\u662f\u8868\u5f70\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u61b2\u653f\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e4b\u6838\u5fc3\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4e14\u70ba\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u61b2\u6cd5\u5229\uff0c\u59cb\u8db3\u7576\u4e4b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u61c9\u70ba\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u61c9\u70ba\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u6b0a\u5229\u300d\uff0c\u4ffe\u6b0a\u5229\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5f97\u672c\u65bc \u81ea\u5229\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u4e4b\u6700\u5927\u5be6\u73fe;\u81f3\u65bc\u4ee5\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u4f5c\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u300c\u5ba2\u6cd5\u79e9\u5e8f\u300d\u6216\u300c\u5ba2\u539f\u5247\u300d\uff0c\u7d42\u9700\u627f\u8a8d\u570b\u5bb6\u5c65 \u884c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u4fdd\u8b77\u7fa9\u52d9\u6642\uff0c\u7336\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u88c1\u91cf\u7a7a\u9593\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(\u5927)\u6cd5\u5b98\u9020\u6cd5(\u61b2\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb)\u300c\u5275\u8a2d\u300d\u61b2\u6cd5\u5229\uff0c\u6709\u754c\u9650\u3002(\u56e0institutional competence \u800c\u9700self-restraint)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u95dc\u65bc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u672a\u5217\u8209\u4e4b\u6839\u672c\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u300d\u6240\u70ba\u4e4b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u61c9\u4ee5\u300c\u9ad8\u6a19\u300d(\u5f9e\u56b4)\u871c\u67e5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4fee\u61b2\u61c9\u5faa\u4fee\u61b2\u6b63\u7576\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6b86\u7121\u300c\u5be6\u8cea\u300d\u754c\u9650\u53ef\u8a00\u3002Cf.\u91cb\u5b57 721(\u6e6f\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5fb7\u5b97\u90e8\u5206\u5354\u540c\u66a8\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u898b\u66f8)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hebert v. Louisiana,272 U.s.312(1926)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7f8e\u570b\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u300d(fundamental rights)\u4e43\u6307:\u90a3\u4e9b\u300c\u4f5c\u70ba\u543e\u4eba\u4e00\u5207\u516c\u6c11\u66a8\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u57fa\u77f3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u6b63\u7fa9\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5247\u300d\u6240\u96b1\u5408\u7684\u6b0a\u5229(the rightsimplicit in those&#8221;fundamental principles of liberty and justice thatlie at the base of all our civil and political institutions )<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Palko v.Connecticut,302 u.s.319(1937)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u90a3\u4e9b\u300c\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e95\u7136\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\u6240\u96b1\u542b\u7684\u5229\u300d(those rights\u201cimplicit inthe concept of ordered liberty&#8221;)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\uff08\u4e2a\u4eba\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e2a\u4eba\u8981\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u8d8a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4fdd\u969c\u9690\u79c1\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Craid\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8ba9\u4e2a\u4eba\u514d\u4e8e\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u76d1\u89c6\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7ea6\u675f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9690\u79c1\u514d\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u906d\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eba\u5e72\u6d89<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9f13\u52b1\u6309\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9f13\u52b1\u4e2a\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9690\u79c1\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5065\u5eb7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9690\u79c1\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u503c\u5f97\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9690\u79c1\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5185\u5728\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\uff08\u9700\u8981\u72ec\u5904\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ba1\u5236\u4ed6\u4eba\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9690\u79c1\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Decisional Privacy \uff08\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u5815\u80ce\uff1f\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u751f\u5c0f\u5b69\uff1f\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Special Privacy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8d44\u8baf\u9690\u79c1\uff08\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d44\u6599\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7ecf\u8fc7\u672c\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u540e\u83b7\u53d6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8b1b\uff1a\u96b1\u79c1\u6b0a\uff08right to privacy\uff09\uff06\u4eba\u6027\u5c0a\u56b4\uff08human dignity\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53f0\u6e7e\u5baa\u6cd5293\u89e3\u91cb\u7cfb\u722d\u89c4\u5b9a<br>\u9280\u884c\u6cd5\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u516b\u689d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9805\u898f\u5b9a\u300c\u9280\u884c\u5c0d\u65bc\u9867\u5ba2\u4e4b\u5b58\u6b3e\u3001\u653e\u6b3e\u6216\u532f\u6b3e\u7b49\u6709\u95dc\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u4e2d\u592e\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6a5f\u95dc\u53e6\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u8005\u5916\uff0c\u5e94\u4fdd\u5b88\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u65e8\u5728\u4fdd\u969c\u9280\u884c\u4e4b\u4e00\u822c\u5ba2\u6236\u8d22\u7522\u4e0a\u4e4b\u79d8\u5bc6\u53ca\u9632\u6b62\u5ba2\u6237\u8207\u9280\u884c\u5f80\u4f86\u8d44\u6599\u4e4b\u4efb\u610f\u516c\u958b\uff0c\u4ee5\u7dad\u8b77\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u96b1\u79c1\u6b0a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8077\u696d\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9 professional confidentiality<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8b66\u5bdf\u52e4\u52d9\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b3e\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e09\u3001\u81e8\u6aa2:\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u5834\u6240\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u8655\u6240\u3001\u8def\u6bb5\uff0c\u7531\u670d\u52e4\u4eba\u54e1\u4efb\u81e8\u67e5\u6216\u8def\u6aa2\uff0c\u57f7\u884c\u53d6\u7de0\u3001\u76e4\u67e5\u53ca\u6709\u95dc\u6cd5\u4ee4\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e4b\u52e4\u52d9\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u91cb\u5b57\u7b2c535\u865f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u81e8\u6aa2\u5be6\u65bd\u4e4b\u624b\u6bb5:\u6aa2\u67e5\u3001\u8def\u6aa2\u3001\u53d6\u7de0\u6216\u76e4\u67e5\u7b49\u4e0d\u554f\u5176\u540d\u7a31\u70ba\u4f55\uff0c\u5747\u5bf9\u4eba\u6216\u7269\u4e4b\u67e5\u9a57\u3001\u5e72\u9810\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52d5\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\u53ca\u96b1\u79c1\u7b49\u751a\u9245\uff0c\u61c9\u606a\u9075\u6cd5\u6cbb\u570b\u5bb6\u8b66\u5bdf\u57f7\u52e4\u4e4b\u539f\u5247\u3002\u5be6\u65bd\u81e8\u6aa2\u4e4b\u8981\u4ef6\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ca\u5c0d\u9054\u6cd5\u81e8\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u6551\u6fdf\uff0c\u5747\u61c9\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u660e\u78ba\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u65b9\u7b26\u61b2\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u5229\u4e4b\u610f\u65e8\u4e2d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u91cb\u5b57\u7b2c535\u865f<br>\u5176\u4e2d\u96b1\u79c1\u6b0a\u96d6\u975e\u61b2\u6cd5\u660e\u6587\u5217\u8209\u4e4b\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u60df\u57fa\u65bc\u4eba\u6027\u5c0a\u56b4\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u4e4b\u7dad\u8b77\u53ca\u4eba\u683c\u767c\u5c55\u4e4b\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u4fdd\u969c\u500b\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u79d8\u5bc6\u7a7a\u9593\u514d\u65bc\u4ed6\u4eba\u4fb5\u53ca\u500b\u4eba\u8d44\u6599\u4e4b\u81ea\u4e3b\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u96b1\u79c1\u6b0a\u4e43\u70ba\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u53d7\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u689d\u6240\u4fdd\u969c(\u672c\u9662\u91cb\u5b57\u7b2c\u4e940\u4e5d\u865f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e09\u4e94\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\u53c2\u7167)\u3002\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u884c\u4f7f\u8c03\u67e5\u6b0a\u5982\u6d89\u53ca\u9650\u5236\u61b2\u6cd5\u6240\u4fdd\u969c\u4e4b\u4eba\u6c11\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u5229\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u4f9d\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u5185\u5bb9\u5fc5\u9808\u660e\u78ba\uff0c\u4e14\u613f\u7b26\u5408\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5219\u8206\u6b63\u7576\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u91cb\u5b57\u7b2c689\u865f<br>\u65b0\u805e\u63a1\u8a2a\u8005\u65bc\u6709\u4e8b\u5be6\u8db3\u8a8d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c6c\u5927\u773e\u6240\u95dc\u5207\u4e26\u5177\u4e00\u5b9a\u516c\u76ca\u6027\u4e4b\u4e8b\u52d9\uff0c\u800c\u5177\u6709\u65b0\u805e\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u987b\u4ee5\u8ddf\u8ffd\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u63a2\u8a2a\uff0c\u5176\u8ddf\u8ffd\u5018\u4f9d\u793e\u6703\u901a\u5ff5\u8a8d\u975e\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb9\u5fcd\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u5177\u6b63\u7576\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5728\u9996\u958b\u898f\u5b9a\u8655\u7f5a\u4e4b\u5217\u3002\u65bc\u6b64\u7bc4\u5185\uff0c\u9996\u958b\u898f\u5b9a\u7e31\u6709\u9650\u5236\u65b0\u805e\u63a1\u8a2a\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5176\u9650\u5236\u4e26\u672a\u904e\u7576\u800c\u7b26\u5408\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8207\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u4fdd\u969c\u65b0\u805e\u63a1\u8a2a\u81ea\u7531\u53ca\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u689d\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\u4e4b\u610f\u65e8\u5c1a\u7121\u62b5\u89f8\u3002\u53c8\u7cfb\u722d\u898f\u5b9a\u4ee5\u8b66\u5bdf\u6a5f\u95dc\u70ba\u88c1\u7f70\u6a5f\u95dc\uff0c\u4ea6\u96e3\u8b02\u8207\u6b63\u5e38\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u539f\u5219\u6709\u9055<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u4e0a\u5b57\u7b2c\u56db\u4e94\u4e94\u56db\u865f\u5224\u4f8b\u8b02<br>\u300c\u592b\u59bb\u4e4b\u4e00\u65b9\u53d7\u4ed6\u65b9\u4e0d\u582a\u540c\u5c45\u4e4b\u8650\u5f85\uff0c\u56fa\u5f97\u8acb\u6c42\u96e2\u5a5a\uff0c\u60df\u56e0\u4e00\u65b9\u4e4b\u884c\u70ba\u4e0d\u6aa2\u800c\u4ed6\u65b9\u4e00\u6642\u5fff\u6fc0\uff0c\u81f4\u6709\u904e\u7576\u4e4b\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5373\u8b02\u4e0d\u582a\u540c\u5c45\u4e4b\u8650\u5f85\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul 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class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5982\u6b64\u95e1\u91cb\u4e26\u975e\u8b02\u8650\u5f85\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u4e88\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u800c\u4fc2\u56e0\u5176\u5fc5\u987b\u5df2\u81f4\u4e0d\u582a\u540c\u5c45\u4e4b\u7d50\u679c\u6642\uff0c\u59cb\u6709\u51c6\u4e88\u96e2\u5a5a\u4e4b\u53ef\u8a00\u3002\u6545\u8650\u5f85\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u81f4\u4e0d\u582a\u7e7c\u7e8c\u540c\u5c45\uff0c\u4e43\u5176\u95dc\u9375\u4e4b\u6240\u5728\u3002\u81f3\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u8f15\u91cd\uff0c\u96d6\u61c9\u4f75\u4e88\u53c2\u914c\uff0c\u4f46\u975e\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u5224\u5b9a\u4e4b\u7d55\u5c0d\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u6c11\u6cd5\u5118\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u898f\u5b9a\u8650\u5f85\u70ba\u88c1\u5224\u96e2\u5a5a\u4e4b\u539f\u56e0\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f55\u5eb8\u591a\u6b64\u4e0d\u582a\u540c\u5c45\u4e4b\u4e00\u8a9e\u3002\u53c8\u5176\u662f\u5426\u9054\u65bc\u4e0d\u582a\u540c\u5c45\u4e4b\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u672c\u56e0\u4eba\u800c\u7570\uff0c\u672a\u53ef\u4e00\u6982\u800c\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u76f8\u540c\u4e4b\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5176\u80fd\u5426\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7dad\u7e41\u5a5a\u59fb\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ecd\u5c07\u56e0\u5404\u4eba\u4e4b\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u6c11\u60c5\u7fd2\u4fd7\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6b64\u4e43\u793e\u6703\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u73b0\u5be6\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9069\u7528\u4e4b\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u5176\u8207\u5c0d\u5f85\u4e4b\u516c\u5e73\u8207\u5426\u7121\uff0c\u4ea6\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\u4e4b\u7dad\u8b77\u65e0\u6d89\uff0c\u6b64\u6b63\u5982\u50f9\u503c\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u96e3\u514d\u4e0d\u56e0\u4eba\u800c\u6709\u6b67\u7570\uff0c\u65e0\u5f9e\u4e88\u4ee5\u9f4a\u4e00\u8005\u7136\u3002\u6545\u5176\u70ba\u6b64\u9879\u5224\u65b7\u6642\uff0c\u4e3b\u89c0\u4e4b\u610f\u601d\u56fa\u4e0d\u80fd\u7f6e\u4e4b\u4e0d\u554f\uff0c\u4f46\u61c9\u5c31\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u898b\u5730\u89c0\u5bdf\u8a72\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u7d50\u679c\u78ba\u5426\u5df2\u9054\u65bc\u4e0d\u582a\u540c\u5c45\u4e4b\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u65b9\u80fd\u8b02\u8207\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u672c\u6587\u5951\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u81f4\u96e8\u76f8\u4e56\u96e2\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u8b1b\uff1a\u61b2\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\u4e4b\u9810\u8a2d\u53ca\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u554f\u984c\u27a4\u3008\u61b2\u6cd5\u5c08\u984c\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u61b2\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\u65b9\u6cd5\u3009<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BARBER &amp; FLEMING.CONSTITUTIONALINTERPRETATION: THE BASICOUESTIONS(2007).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What we&#8217;re calling the philosophic approach is close to whatRonald Dworkin calls the \u201cmoral reading\u201d of the Constitution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7-\u5fb7\u6c83\u91d1\uff08Ronald Dworkin\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5bf9\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684 &#8220;\u9053\u5fb7\u89e3\u8bfb&#8221;\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We adopt and support with further arguments Dworkin&#8217;s proposalin the early 1970s that fidelity to the American Constitution aswritten requires that judges and other interpreters make up theirown minds about constitutional meaning in a spirit of self-criticalstriving to realize our constitutional commitments and to interpretthe Constitution to make it the best it can be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7eb3\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u652f\u6301\u5fb7\u6c83\u91d1\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 70 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5373\u5fe0\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6210\u6587\u5baa\u6cd5\u8981\u6c42\u6cd5\u5b98\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\u8005\u672c\u7740\u81ea\u6211\u6279\u5224\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5baa\u6cd5\u610f\u4e49\u505a\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5b9e\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And because we think fidelity in constitutional interpretationdemands an emphasis on the powers and ends of government thatDworkin neglects out of greater concern for rights as limitationson government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u5fe0\u5b9e\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u5f3a\u8c03\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6743\u529b\u548c\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5fb7\u6c83\u91d1\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u9650\u5236\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chap 1:The Presuppositions of Constitutionalinterpretation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When American lawyers,judges, politicians, and ordinary citizenstalk about\u201cconstitutional law, they usually refer to a large body oflegal propositions that form part of what the United StatesSupreme Court has said about the American Constitution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f8b\u5e08\u3001\u6cd5\u5b98\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u548c\u666e\u901a\u516c\u6c11\u8c08\u8bba &#8220;\u5baa\u6cd5 &#8220;\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6784\u6210\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to one of these propositions, for example, the EqualProtection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits stategovernments from segregating the races in public schools.<br>Another such proposition is that the Commerce Clause of Article l,S 8 authorizes Congress to regulate the hours and wages of thenation&#8217;s work force, including employees of state and localgovernments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u4fdd\u62a4\u6761\u6b3e\u7981\u6b62\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u4e2d\u5b9e\u884c\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u3002<br>\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b64\u7c7b\u547d\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\u5546\u52a1\u6761\u6b3e\u6388\u6743\u56fd\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u56fd\u5bb6\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u96c7\u5458\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u4fdd\u62a4\u6761\u6b3e\u7981\u6b62\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u4e2d\u5b9e\u884c\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u3002<br>\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b64\u7c7b\u547d\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\u5546\u52a1\u6761\u6b3e\u6388\u6743\u56fd\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u56fd\u5bb6\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u96c7\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Concern with the Court and its history needs little justifi cation, ofcourse, because the Court has an obvious impact on American life(witness Brown v. Board of Education(1954), holding that raciallysegregated public schools deny equal protection; Roe v. Wade(1973),recognizing the right of a woman to decide whether toterminate a pregnancy; and Bush v.Gore (2000),resolving theoutcome of a contested presidential election).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5bf9\u6cd5\u9662\u53ca\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff08\u5982\u5e03\u6717\u8bc9\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6848\uff08Brown v. Board of Education\uff0c1954 \u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u6848\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5b9e\u884c\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u62d2\u7edd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e73\u7b49\u4fdd\u62a4\uff1b\u7f57\u4f0a\u8bc9\u97e6\u5fb7\u6848\uff08Roe v. Wade\uff0c1973 \u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u6848\u627f\u8ba4\u5987\u5973\u6709\u6743\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u7ec8\u6b62\u598a\u5a20\uff1b\u5e03\u4ec0\u8bc9\u6208\u5c14\u6848\uff08Bush v. Gore\uff0c2000 \u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u6848\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u9009\u4e3e\u7ed3\u679c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\u4e03\u8b1b\uff1a\u4eba\u683c\u6b0a\uff08right of personality\uff09 \u27a4\u3008\u61b2\u6cd5\u5c08\u984c\uff1a\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c22\u689d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u89e3\u91cb\u6703\u901a\u91cb\u7fa9\u3009<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eba\u683c\u6743\uff1a\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u59ff\u6001\u5728\u5916\u4eba\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7406\u7531\u66f8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5:<br>\u4eba\u683c\u6b0a\u4e43\u7dad\u8b77\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u53ca\u4eba\u683c\u81ea\u7531\u767c\u5c55\u6240\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\uff0c\u4ea6\u8207\u7dad\u8b77\u4eba\u6027\u5c0a\u56b4\u95dc\u4fc2\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u683c\u6b0a\u61c9\u53d7\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u689d\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u70ba\u4fdd\u8b77\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u4e4b\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7\u53ca\u4eba\u683c\u5065\u5168\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ca0\u6709\u7279\u5225\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e4b\u7fa9\u52d9(\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e00\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u516d\u689d\u89c4\u5b9a\u53c2\u7167)\uff0c\u613f\u57fa\u65bc\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u4e4b\u6700\u4f73\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4f9d\u5bb6\u5ead\u5bf9\u5b50\u5973\u4fdd\u8b77\u6559\u990a\u4e4b\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u53ca\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e4b\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u63a1\u53d6\u5fc5\u8981\u4e4b\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u59cb\u7b26\u61b2\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u4eba\u683c\u6b0a\u4e4b\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u59d3\u540d\u6b0a\u70ba\u4eba\u683c\u6b0a\u4e4b\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u4eba\u4e4b\u59d3\u540d\u70ba\u5176\u4eba\u683c\u4e4b\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u6545\u5982\u4f55\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u61c9\u70ba\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u689d\u6240\u4fdd\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u59d3\u540d\u689d\u4f8b(0840105)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6709\u5de6\u5217\u60c5\u4e8b\u4e4b\u4e00\u8005\u5f97\u7533\u8acb\u6539\u540d:\n<ul 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