{"id":11,"date":"2024-01-26T11:52:19","date_gmt":"2024-01-26T03:52:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/post.fanshinote.xyz\/?p=8"},"modified":"2024-05-03T23:41:35","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T15:41:35","slug":"%e6%b1%a4%e5%be%b7%e5%ae%97-%e5%8f%b0%e6%b9%be%e5%a4%a7%e6%b3%95%e5%ae%98%e8%ae%b2%e5%a0%82-%e5%af%b9%e8%af%9d%e5%ae%aa%e6%b3%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/post.kongyou.xyz\/?p=11","title":{"rendered":"\u6c64\u5fb7\u5b97-\u53f0\u6e7e\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u8bb2\u5802-\u61b2\u6cd5\u5c08\u984c\uff1a\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#yanlunziyoudezhendi\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#yanlunziyoudezhendi\">\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u771f\u8c1b<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#yanlunziyoudebaozhangfanwei\">\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u8303\u56f4<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#feibangyanlunyuqinhaiyinsiyanlun\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#feibangyanlunyuqinhaiyinsiyanlun\">\u7b2c\u516d\u8b1b\uff1a\u8ab9\u8b17\u8a00\u8ad6\u8207\u4fb5\u5bb3\u96b1\u79c1\u8a00\u8ad6<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#jihuiyouxingyugonggongzhixu\">\u7b2c\u4e03\u8b1b\uff1a\u96c6\u6703\u904a\u884c\u8207\u516c\u5171\u79e9\u5e8f<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u53f8\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\">\u7b2c\u516b\u8b1b\uff1a\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u53f8\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#\u7b2c\u4e5d\u8b1b\uff1a\u8272\u60c5\u8a00\u8ad6\">\u7b2c\u4e5d\u8b1b\uff1a\u8272\u60c5\u8a00\u8ad6<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#\u7b2c\u5341\u8b1b\uff1a\u5546\u696d\u8a00\u8ad6\">\u7b2c\u5341\u8b1b\uff1a\u5546\u696d\u8a00\u8ad6<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"yanlunziyoudezhendi\">\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u771f\u8c1b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u6709\u4eba\u7a7ffucking the draft \u7684t-shirt\u5728\u6cd5\u9662\u524d\u8d70\u52a8\u662f\u5426\u5728\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u4e4b\u5217\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1\u3001\u5bf9\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6587\u4e49\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u8a00\u8bba\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u8a00\u8bba\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u8868\u4e49\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08expressive conduct\uff09\u6545\u4f5c\u6269\u5f20\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5386\u53f2\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u5f53\u521d\u6761\u6587\u4e3a\u4f55\u5982\u6b64\u5236\u5b9a\uff08\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u672c\u610f\uff09\u3002 \u53ef\u53c2\u7167\u300a\u5236\u5baa\u56fd\u6c11\u5927\u4f1a\u300b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f53\u7cfb\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u4ece\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6574\u4f53\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6bd4\u8f83\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e0e\u4ed6\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5148\u4f8b\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u88c1\u5224\u5148\u4f8b\u7684\u62d8\u675f\u539f\u5219\uff08stare decisis\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u9662\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u3001\u5baa\u6cd5\u6cd5\u5ead\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u9662<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u8981\u4fdd\u969c\u5baa\u6cd5\u81ea\u7531\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8ffd\u6c42\u771f\u7406\uff1atruth-seeking theory \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If the opinion is right, they are deprived of the opportunity of exchanging error for truth; if wrong, they loose, what is almost as great as benefit, the clearer perception and livelier impression of truth, produced by its collision with error. -John Stuart Mill<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u5c06\u9519\u8bef\u4ea4\u6362\u4e3a\u771f\u7406\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u51e0\u4e4e\u548c\u597d\u5904\u4e00\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u5176\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u78b0\u649e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u771f\u7406\u5370\u8c61\u3002 &#8211; \u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u5bc6\u5c14<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8a00\u8bba\u5e02\u573a\u8bf4\uff08\u8865\u5f3a\u8bf4\/\u4fee\u6b63\u8bf4\uff09\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The best of truth is the power of the thought to get itself accepted in the competition of the market, and that truth is the only ground upon which their wishes safely can be carried out. -Oliver Wendell Homes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u4f53\u73b0\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u771f\u7406\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u613f\u671b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002- \u5965\u5229\u5f17\u00b7\u6e29\u5fb7\u5c14\u00b7\u970d\u59c6\u65af<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5047\u8bf4\u5b58\u5728\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1\u3001\u6563\u5e03\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u771f\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u662f\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff1f\u8ffd\u6c42\u771f\u7406\u771f\u7684\u662f\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5417\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2\u3001\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u7406\u6027\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u7406\u6027\u5417\uff1f\uff08\u7406\u8bba\u9ad8\u4f30\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u8ba8\u8bba\u771f\u7406\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff1f\uff08\u8981\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff1b<strong>\u4e8b\u5b9e<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u610f\u89c1\u548c\u63ed\u9732<\/strong>\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u8981\u8003\u8651\u65f6\u95f4\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6c11\u4e3b\u4ef7\u503c\u8bf4\uff1a(democratic values\/ democratic process facilitation theory)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Public discussion is a political duty,and that should be a fundamental principle of the American government. -Louis D. Brandeis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u516c\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u653f\u6cbb\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u3002 &#8211; \u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7D\u00b7\u5e03\u5170\u4ee3\u65af<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u6c11\u90fd\u8981\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u7f8e\u5fb7\u2014\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u613f\u4e3a\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\uff08\u9700\u8981\u96c6\u4f53\u8fa9\u8bba\u3001\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4ea4\u6362\u610f\u89c1\uff09\u800c\u727a\u7272\u6389\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u6301\u4eba\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4fc3\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u5bbd\u5bb9\u8bf4\uff1a\u4ece\u8bf4\u5230\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e09\u601d\uff0c\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u8fa9\u8bba\u7f13\u51b2\u7684\u4f59\u5730\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53cd\u5411\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1a\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u4fe1\u4efb\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u6279\u8bc4\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u6709\u514d\u53bb\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>3\u3001\u5047\u6d88\u606f\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5cd9\u662f\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4\u3001\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u5fc5\u987b\u7275\u626f\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u5229\u76ca\uff1aa.\u8bb2\u8bdd\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff1bb.\u542c\u53d6\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff1bc.\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"yanlunziyoudebaozhangfanwei\">\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u8303\u56f4 The scope of fee speech <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1\u3001\u8a00\u8bba\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8a00\u8bba(speech, expression):\u8a00\u8bba\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e24\u8005\u6709\u533a\u522b\uff08speech\uff0cconduct)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u81ea\u7531(liberty):\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff08negative freedom\/right\uff09:\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff08positive freedom\/right\uff09\uff1a\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u6240\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u56e0\u800c\u8d1f\u6709\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u8981\u6c42\u516c\u793a\u603b\u7edf\u884c\u7a0b\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u4fdd\u62a4\u514d\u4e8e\u906d\u53d7\u7834\u574f\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u6743\u5229<\/summary>\n<p>\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5373\u6d88\u6781\u81ea\u7531\u6216\u8d1f\u9762\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u6d89\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u8868\u8fbe\u5176\u610f\u89c1\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\u6216\u4e0d\u9650\u5236\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u514d\u53d7\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u6d89\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u67d0\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2\u3001\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u8303\u56f4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u4e00\u822c\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u516c\u6743\u529b\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u660e\u767d\u800c\u5373\u523b\u7684\u5371\u9669\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e0a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5931\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u5931\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The advocacy is directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The advocacy is likely to incite or produce such action <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3\u3001\u8bfd\u8c24\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u624d\u6784\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a.\u660e\u77e5\u5176\u4e0d\u5b9e\u800c\u4e3a\u4e4b\uff1bb.\u4e0d\u786e\u77e5\u5176\u4e0d\u5b9e\uff08\u6709\u771f\u5b9e\u6076\u610f\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u4f17\u4eba\u7269\u6784\u6210\u8bfd\u8c24\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u8981\u6709\u771f\u5b9e\u6076\u610f(actual malice doctrine).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76ee\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u5173\u8054\u6027\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u8054\u2014\u9ad8\u6807\uff1b\u5b9e\u8d28\u5173\u8054\u2014\u4e2d\u6807\uff1b\u5408\u7406\u5173\u8054\uff0820-30%\uff09\u2014\u4f4e\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4\u3001\u6311\u8845\u8a00\u8bba\uff08Fighting words\uff09\uff1a\u4e0d\u53d7\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u96be\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5\u3001\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u8a00\u8bba\uff08Symbolic speech\uff09\uff1a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6\u3001\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u5305\u542b\u6c89\u9ed8\u81ea\u7531\uff08right to not speak \uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u9009\u7528\u90a3\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If there is any fixed star in our constitution constellation, it is that no official, high or petty, can prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics, nationalism, religion, or other matters of opinion or force citizens to confess by word or act their faith-therein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u661f\u5ea7\u4e2d\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u661f\u661f\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u610f\u89c1\u4e8b\u9879\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u5f3a\u8feb\u516c\u6c11\u901a\u8fc7\u8a00\u8f9e\u6216\u884c\u52a8\u6765\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7\u3001\u4e8b\u524d\u5ba1\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\uff1a\u51e1\u4e8b\u524d\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u63a8\u5b9a\u8fdd\u5baa\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u5f97\u4ee5\u4e3e\u8bc1\u8be5\u4e8b\u524d\u5ba1\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u6d89\u53ca\u4fdd\u5bc6\u4e49\u52a1\uff08injection\u7981\u5236\u4ee4\uff09\uff1a\u7acb\u5373\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b\u3001\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e8b\u524d\u5ba1\u67e5\uff1a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5ba1\u67e5\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\uff08\u7535\u5f71\u5206\u7ea7\u4e5f\u7b97\u4e8b\u524d\u5ba1\u67e5\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e8b\u540e\u8ffd\u8d23<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c\u3001 \u7f8e\u56fd\u5173\u4e8e\u79c1\u4eba\u4e8b\u524d\u5ba1\u67e5\u7ba1\u5236\u4e0d\u4e25\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"feibangyanlunyuqinhaiyinsiyanlun\">\u7b2c\u516d\u8b1b\uff1a\u8ab9\u8b17\u8a00\u8ad6\u8207\u4fb5\u5bb3\u96b1\u79c1\u8a00\u8ad6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1\u3001\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u540d\u8a89\u6743\u7684\u754c\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a.\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0a\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u4f18\u5148<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b.\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u540d\u8a89\u4e4b\u4fdd\u62a4\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u9690\u79c1\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c.\u8bfd\u8c24\u6216\u6563\u5e03\u4e0d\u5b9e\u8a00\u8bba\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u8fd8\u662f\u8a00\u8bba\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\uff1a\u4e0d\u5b9e\u8a00\u8bba\u6216\u8c29\u9a82\u8a00\u8bba\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6311\u8845\u8a00\u8bba\u3002\u8bfd\u8c24\u9700\u8981\u6709\u771f\u5b9e\u3001\u6076\u610f\u7684\u539f\u5219+\u672a\u5fc5\u6545\u610f\uff08reckless\uff09\u3002*\u5b98\u5458\u8981\u4e3b\u5f20\u540d\u8a89\u53d7\u8bfd\u8c24\u5fc5\u987b\u8bc1\u660e\u8a00\u8bba\u8005\u5177\u6709\u771f\u5b9e\u6076\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u514d\u8d23\u6743\uff1a\u7ed9\u8bae\u5458\u95ee\u653f\u4e13\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>qualify privilege\uff08\u76f8\u5bf9\u6216\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u8005\uff1a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6cd5\u5b9a\u6216\u4e49\u52a1\u4e0a\u8868\u8fbe\u4e49\u52a1\u6240\u6210\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\uff09\uff0cprivilege\uff08\u7279\u6743\uff09\uff0cright\uff08\u6743\u529b\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u56fd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8861\u91cf\u540d\u8a89\u6743\u4e0e\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\uff1a1.\u4e2a\u6848\u8861\u91cf\uff08case by case\uff09  \uff1b2.\u516c\u5f0f\u8861\u91cf\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1974\u5e74Gertz V. Robert Welch, Inc\uff1a\u516c\u4f17\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08public figuer\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728\u539f\u6765\u793e\u533a\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\uff08sufficiently well know\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5851\u9020\u77e5\u540d\u9ad8\u5ea6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8f83\u4e3a\u63a5\u8fd1\u9ea6\u514b\u98ce\u4e0e\u53d1\u8a00\u6743<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dun &amp; Bradstreet,Inc.v. Greenmoss Builders(1985):\u8a00\u8ad6\u82e5\u662f\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u516c\u773e\u4e4b\u4e8b\u9879\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5f97\u8acb\u6c42\u7f5a\u6027\u640d\u5bb3\u8ce0\u511f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f8e\u570b:\u8ab9\u8b17\u6027\u4e4b\u610f\u898b\u4e0d\u613f\u6709\u53e6\u4f9d\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u7279\u6b0a\u4fdd\u8b77\u4ed6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u7f8e\u570b\u8861\u91cf\u6a19\u6e96\u4e4b\u6b78\u7d0d\u6e96\u5247:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u5b98\u54e1\u6216\u516c\u773e\u4eba\u7269<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8a00\u8ad6\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52d9\u8a00\u8ad6\u6216\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u8a00\u8ad6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f8e\u570b\u8861\u91cf\u6a19\u6e96\u4e4b\u8a55\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1.\u662f\u5426\u904e\u65bc\u6ce8\u91cd\u8acb\u6c42\u640d\u5bb3\u8d54\u511f\u4e4b\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u5206\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.\u516c\u773e\u4eba\u7269\u8207\u5b98\u54e1\u4e4b\u6a19\u6e96\u9069\u5408\u63a1\u7528\u4e00\u6a23\u4e4b\u6a19\u6e96\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.\u7528\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5224\u6c7a\u4fee\u6539\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u4e4b\u539f\u5247\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6fb3\u6d32\u548c\u7ebd\u897f\u5170\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6fb3\u6d32\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\u91cd\u653f\u6cbb\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u5f00\u653e\uff1aDisgusstion of the view and public conduct of person,such as union leaders or political commentator engage in activity which are publicly debated.\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u516c\u5171\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u5982\u5de5\u4f1a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u88ab\u516c\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6fb3\u6d32:\u5bf9\u65bc\u5b98\u54e1\u4e4b\u8a00\u8ad6\u6a19\u6e96\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u9069\u7528\u81f3\u516c\u773e\u4eba\u7269\u771f\u5be6\u60e1\u610f\u539f\u5247\u4e4b\u8981\u6c42\u904e\u56b4\u683c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u540d\u8b7d\u6b0a\u4e4b\u4fdd\u8b77\u986f\u6709\u4e0d\u8db3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6fb3\u6d32\u5c0d\u65bc\u8ab9\u8b17\u6027\u8a00\u8ad6\u4e4b\u6297\u8faf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1.\u8a00\u8ad6\u8005\u4e0d\u77e5\u5176\u8a00\u70ba\u5047\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.\u8a00\u8ad6\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u5176\u8a00\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u5047\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4e0d\u5728\u610f:(reckless);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.\u5831\u5c0e\u662f\u5408\u7406\u8005(reasonable)\uff1a\u66fe\u7ecf\u67e5\u8bc1\u8fc7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5fb7\u56fd\uff1a\u540d\u8a89\u6743\u4e0e\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fdd\u62a4\uff08\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u540d\u8a89\u6743\u548c\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u4e5f\u53d7\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fdd\u62a4\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(1)Jeder hat das Recht auf die freie Entfaltung seinerPers\u00f6nlichkeit, soweit er nicht die Rechte anderer verletzt undnicht gegen die verfassungsm\u00e4Bige Ordnung oder dasSittengesetz verst&#8217;Bt.<br>(2)Jeder hat das Recht auf Leben und k\u00f6rperlicheUnversehrtheit. Die Freiheit der Person ist unverletzlich. In dieseRechte darf nur auf Grund eines Gesetzes eingegrifen werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u4eba\u4eba\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u767c\u5c55\u5176\u4eba\u683c\u4e4b\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4fb5\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e4b\u5229\u6216\u4e0d\u9055\u72af\u61b2\u653f\u79e9\u5e8f\u6216\u9053\u5fb7\u898f\u7bc4\u8005\u70ba\u9650\u00b7<br>\u4e8c\u3001\u4eba\u4eba\u6709\u751f\u547d\u8207\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fb5\u72af\u6b0a\u3002\u500b\u4eba\u4e4b\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fb5\u72af\u3002\u6b64\u7b49\u5229\u552f\u6839\u64da\u6cd5\u5f8b\u59cb\u5f97\u5e72\u9884\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*\u5fb7\u570b\u8a8d\u70ba\u85dd\u8853\u81ea\u7531\u4ecd\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u4fb5\u5bb3\u540d\u8b7d\u4e4b\u9650\u5236\u4e14\u6b7b\u4eba\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u6027\u5c0a\u4e25\u53ef\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u610f\u898b\u61c9\u8a72\u6bd4\u4e8b\u5be6\u53d7\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u4e4b\u4fdd\u8b77\uff1b\u65b0\u805e\u5a92\u9ad4\u8981\u4e3b\u5f35\u514d\u8cac\u9808\u6aa2\u8996\u5176\u662f\u5426\u6709\u76e1\u5230\u6ce8\u610f\u7fa9\u52d9\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u7fa9\u52d9(Sorgfaltspflicht)\uff09\uff0c\u65b0\u805e\u5a92\u9ad4\u7121\u6cd5\u76e1\u5230\u6ce8\u610f\u7fa9\u52d9\u5247\u540d\u8b7d\u4e4b\u4fdd\u8b77\u8981\u512a\u5148\u65bc\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gegenschlag \u5831\u5fa9\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u4f60\u9a82\u6211\u6211\u9a82\u4f60\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u5fb7\u570b\u8207\u5404\u570b\u4e4b\u624b\u6cd5\u7d9c\u5408\u8a55\u50f9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.\u5fb7\u570b\u53ea\u6709\u500b\u6848\u8861\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u61b2\u6cd5\u6b0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u56fd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reynolds vTimes Newspapers Ltd:\u627f\u8a8d\u6709\u9650\u5ea6\u514d\u8cac\u6b0a\uff0c2.\u4e0d\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u8a00\u8bba\u4e00\u6982\u8c41\u514d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u570b\u65bc\u8003\u616e\u65b0\u805e\u5831\u5c0e\u662f\u5426\u5177\u5408\u7406\u6027\u5fc5\u9808\u8003\u8651\u7684\u8981\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1.\u5831\u5c0e\u4e4b\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.\u8207\u516c\u773e\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e4b\u4e8b\u52d9\u9593\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u95dc\u806f\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.\u5831\u5c0e\u4e4b\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4.\u662f\u5426\u63a1\u53d6\u9069\u7576\u4e4b\u6b65\u9a5f\u67e5\u8b49\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5.\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8b93\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u8868\u793a\u610f\u898b\u6216\u5411\u5176\u67e5\u8b49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e3b\u5f35\u514d\u8cac\u662f\u5426\u53ea\u9650\u65bc\u516c\u773e\u4e8b\u52d9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u6743\u6cd5\u9662\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e2a\u6848\u5e73\u8861\u6cd5\uff1a\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u6b0a\u516c\u7d04:\u70ba\u4fdd\u969c\u5176\u4ed6\u6b0a\u5229\u6642\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u5f97\u52a0\u4ee5\u9650\u5236<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9032\u884c\u9650\u5236\u6642\u6240\u8981\u8003\u616e\u4e4b\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1\u3001\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2\u3001\u8a00\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e3b\u9898\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3\u3001\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u63d0\u8d77\u8a34\u8a1f\u4e4b\u4eba\u5730\u4f4d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u6b0a\u6cd5\u9662\u5c0d\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u898b\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1.\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e4b\u8ad6\u8fa9\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.\u50f9\u503c\u5224\u65ad\u4e4b\u4fdd\u969c\u8981\u9ad8\u65bc\u4e8b\u5be6\u9673\u8ff0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a00\u8ad6\u6216\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u52a0\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u6642\u8981\u8003\u8651\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6216\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5404\u56fd\u5929\u5e73\u5e73\u8861\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\u6bd4\u8f83\u660e\u786e\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6027<\/td><td>\u6df7\u5408\u578b<\/td><td>\u4e2a\u6848\u8861\u91cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u7ebd\u897f\u5170<\/td><td>\u6fb3\u6d32<\/td><td>\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u6743\u6cd5\u9662<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>2\u3001\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u9690\u79c1\u7684\u754c\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"jihuiyouxingyugonggongzhixu\">\u7b2c\u4e03\u8b1b\uff1a\u96c6\u6703\u904a\u884c\u8207\u516c\u5171\u79e9\u5e8f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u96c6\u4f1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u96c6\u4f1a\u81ea\u7531\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u9762\u76f8(Organizational dimension)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5927\u9646\uff1a\u6e38\u884c\u96c6\u4f1a\u5206\u5ba4\u5185\u5ba4\u5916<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e9\u671f\u82f1\u570b:\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u6c11\u6709\u96c6\u6703\u904a\u884c\u4e4b\u81ea\u7531<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u96c6\u4f1a\u81ea\u7531\uff1f\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u96c6\u4f1a\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e70\u5e7f\u544a\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u58f0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u96c6\u4f1a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\u4e92\u8865\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6743\u529b\u4fdd\u62a4\u8303\u56f4\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u96c6\u4f1a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u8bb2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6bd4\u5bf9\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u6765\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u96c6\u6703\u901a\u5e38\u4ea6\u6703\u88ab\u8a8d\u5b9a\u662f\u8868\u610f\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u70b9\u4e0a\u8bf4\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8a00\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>\u53c2\u52a0\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u96c6\u4f1a\u5c31\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u5426\u8fdd\u5baa\uff1f\u8fdd\u5baa\u662f\u6307\u8fdd\u53cd\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u8fd8\u662f\u96c6\u4f1a\u81ea\u7531\uff1fDeJonge v.Oregon,299 U.S.353(1937)<\/summary>\n<p>\u8fdd\u5baa\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6848\u4e2d\u662f<strong>\u8fdd\u53cd\u96c6\u4f1a\u81ea\u7531<\/strong>\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u9f13\u5439\u66b4\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Q:\u516c\u5171\u5b89\u5168\u8207\u96c6\u6703\u81ea\u7531\u5982\u4f55\u52a0\u4ee5\u8861\u91cf?<\/summary>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u516c\u5f0f\u6cd5\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6311\u8845\u8a00\u8bba\uff08fighting words\uff09\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u4f1a\u52a0\u6df1\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u56fe\u5f15\u8d77\u7acb\u5373\u7684\u5931\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8bdd\u8bed\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u4f20\u8fbe\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3001\u7406\u5ff5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u653b\u64ca\u6027\u8a00\u8ad6(offensive speech)\uff1a fucking the draft<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\/\u7981\u6b62\u533a\uff08buffer zone\uff09\uff1a\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u610f\u89c1\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u8981\u6709\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u516c\u5171\u79e9\u5e8f\u4f18\u5148<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6df7\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Q:\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\u80fd\u4f7f\u516c\u773e\u4f7f\u7528\u79c1\u4eba\u5834\u57df\u9032\u884c\u8868\u610f?<\/summary>\n<p>\u5728Costco\u7684\u573a\u57df\u4e0a\u4e3e\u724c\u8868\u8fbe\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e3e\u724c\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868Costco\u7684\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u6216\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\uff0c\u4eba\u6f6e\u5f80\u5f80\u7684\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u6d41\u901a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e3e\u724c\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bf9\u751f\u610f\u6ca1\u6709\u9020\u6210\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>\u7fa4\u4f17\u6216\u4eba\u6c11\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6743\u5229\u53bb\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u5171\u573a\u6240\u96c6\u4f1a\uff1f<\/summary>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e3b\u5f35\u516c\u5171\u8ad6\u58c7(Public forum)\u61c9\u4f9b\u96c6\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Q1:\u516c\u5171\u5834\u57df\u4e4b\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u6216\u662f\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u5229 ?\uff08\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u6d88\u6781\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u516c\u5171\u5834\u57df\u5f97\u7528\u65bc\u96c6\u6703\u904a\u884c\u4e4b\u539f\u56e0:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1.\u653f\u5e9c\u7121\u505a\u70ba\u4e4b\u7fa9\u52d9\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u573a\u6240\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u95e8\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u516c\u5171\u573a\u57df\u96c6\u4f1a\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u800c\u8a00\u5e76\u4e0d\u96be\u505a\u5230\u3002\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52d9\u5f97\u5728\u516c\u5171\u5834\u6240\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff08\u96c6\u4f1a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u8c08\u8bba\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\u7406\u5e94\u5728\u516c\u5171\u573a\u6240\u8fa9\u8bba\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.\u7f8e:\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u5834\u6240\u5411\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u7528\u65bc\u96c6\u6703\u8207\u8fa9\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5834\u6240\uff0c\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q2:\u516c\u6709\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u4eba\u8207\u79c1\u6709\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u4eba\u5c0d\u65bc\u8d22\u7522\u6b0a\u4e4b\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u6a23?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q3:\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u5f97\u5426\u5728\u65e2\u6210\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u96c6\u6703?\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li> \u65e2\u6210\u9053\u8def\u662f\u79c1\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f9b\u516c\u4f17\u540c\u884c\u7684\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u4f9b\u516c\u4f17\u901a\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5e94\u8be5\u51c6\u8bb8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u96c6\u6703\u6e38\u884c\u4e4b\u516c\u5171\u8d22\u9808\u7b26\u5408\uff1aInternational Society for Krishna Consciousness.Inc.v. Lee, 505 U.S.672(1992)Justice Anthony M. Kennedy :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1.\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u689d\u4ef6\u5141\u8a31(Objective physical characteristics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4f9b\u516c\u773e\u9032\u51fa(Actual public access) <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u5426\u8207\u5834\u5730\u4e4b\u529f\u80fd\u885d\u7a81(Permitted uses)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ba1\u5236\u4f5c\u70ba\u8a00\u8ad6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u516c\u5171\u5834\u57df\u9700\u8003\u8651:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1.\u5834\u6240\u539f\u4f86\u4e4b\u4f7f\u7528\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u5bb9\u65bc\u96c6\u6703\u884c\u70ba?The compatibility of the main the purpose of theproperty with its use for speech.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.\u8a72\u5834\u6240\u9644\u8fd1\u662f\u5426\u6709\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u4e4b\u8868\u610f\u7a7a\u9593?The availability of other public arena in the vicinity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u516c\u773e\u5834\u57df\u4e4b\u5224\u65b7\u6a19\u6e96\uff1aCommittee for the Commonwealth of Canada et al.v.Canada,77 DLR(4th)385(1991)Justice McLachlin,Beverley:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1.\u653f\u5e9c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5c0d\u8a00\u8ad6\u6709\u9650\u5236\u7684\u610f\u5716\u30021.The government&#8217;s purpose was to restrict the content of speechlimiting the place where it may be made.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.\u5834\u6240\u5bf9\u65bc\u8868\u610f\u4e4b\u5185\u5bb9\u6709\u4fc3\u8c01\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002If the claimant could show expression that the place and airportdeterminable promoted the purpose for which the right to freedom ofexpression was quarantee.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6821\u5927\u5b66\u751f\/\u9ad8\u4e2d\u751f\u7b49\u6709\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u4e2d\u4e3e\u884c\u6297\u8bae\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eba\u6c11\u867d\u7136\u6709\u96c6\u4f1a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u96c6\u4f1a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f53\u7136\u610f\u5473\u7740\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u5171\u8d22\u4ea7\u5171\u6c11\u4f17\u96c6\u4f1a\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002Lehman v. City of Shaker Heights, 418 U.S.298 (1974)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\u9ed1\u4eba\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u95e8\u524d\u9759\u5750\uff0c\u548c\u5e73\u6297\u8bae\u516c\u7acb\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5f53\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5b97\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u6b64\u6848\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u59a8\u788d\u516c\u5171\u79e9\u5e8f\uff1fBrown v.Louisiana,383 U.S.131(1966)<\/summary>\n<p>Brown v. Louisiana,383 U.S.131(1966)MR.JUSTICE FORTAS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.There is not the slightest evidence to sustain application of the breach of the peacestatute to petitioners, since there was nothing to indicate an intent by them to provoke abreach of the peace and there were no circumstances to indicate that such a breachmight be occasioned, the demonstration having been peaceful, orderly, andunprovocative, and no patrons having been present in the library. Petitioners&#8217; conductwas considerably less disruptive than in any of the preceding three situations in whichthis Court invalidated convictions under the same Louisiana statute or its predecessor.Garner v.Louisiana,36 U.S.157: Taylor v. Louisiana, 370 U.S. 154; and Cox v.Louisiana,379 U.S.536.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1d\u6beb\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u8bf7\u613f\u4eba\u9002\u7528\u7834\u574f\u548c\u5e73\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8ff9\u8c61\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u6311\u8845\u7834\u574f\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u8868\u660e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7834\u574f\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u793a\u5a01\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u6709\u5e8f\u548c\u975e\u6311\u8845\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u8bfb\u8005\u3002\u8bf7\u613f\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6027\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e\u524d\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u6839\u636e\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6cd5\u89c4\u6216\u5176\u524d\u8eab\uff08Garner \u8bc9\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\uff0c36 U.S.157\uff1bTaylor \u8bc9\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\uff0c370 U.S.154\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca Cox \u8bc9\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\uff0c379 U.S.536\uff09\u5ba3\u5e03\u5bf9\u8bf7\u613f\u4eba\u7684\u5b9a\u7f6a\u65e0\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.The rights of peaceable and orderly protest which petitioners were exercising underthe First and Fourteenth Amendments are not confined to verbal expression, but embraceother types of expression, including appropriate silent and reproachful presence, such aspetitioners used here. Therefore, even if such action came within the statute. it wouldhave to be held that the statute could not constitutionally reach petitioners&#8217; actions in thecircumstances of this case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.\u8bf7\u613f\u4eba\u6839\u636e\u300a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u300b\u548c\u300a\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u300b\u884c\u4f7f\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u6709\u5e8f\u6297\u8bae\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u53e3\u5934\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6c89\u9ed8\u548c\u65a5\u8d23\uff0c\u5982\u8bf7\u613f\u4eba\u5728\u6b64\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8be5\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u6848\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8be5\u6cd5\u89c4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5408\u5baa\u5730\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8bf7\u613f\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>3.Regulation of libraries and other public facilities must be reasonable andnondiscriminatory, and may not be used as a pretext for punishing those who exercisetheir constitutional rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.\u5bf9\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u5171\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5fc5\u987b\u5408\u7406\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f5c\u4e3a\u60e9\u7f5a\u884c\u4f7f\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u8005\u7684\u501f\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*\u672c\u6848\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u5171\u533a\u57df\u4f9b\u4eba\u6c11\u6e38\u884c\u793a\u5a01\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u672c\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u59a8\u788d\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u53d1\u6325\u3002<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u516c\u544a\u8bba\u575b\uff08\u7f8e\uff1apublic forum\/\u52a0\uff1apublic arena\uff09\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u516c\u544a\u79e9\u5e8f\uff08public order\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u96c6\u4f1a\u6e38\u884c\u4eba\u6709\u65e0\u9884\u544a\u4e4b\u4e49\u52a1\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8981\u7ed9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u6c11\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u4e49\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u8b66\u529b\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>\u5fb7\u56fd\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a<\/summary>\n<p>\u5fb7\u570b\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u7b2c\u516b\u689d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Grundgesetz f\u00fcr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland Art 8<br>(1)Alle Deutschen haben das Recht, sich ohneAnmeldung oder Erlaubnis friedlich und ohne Waffen zuversammeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(2)F\u00fcr Versammlungen unter freiem Himmel kann diesesRecht durch Gesetz oder auf Grund eines Gesetzesbeschr\u00e4nkt werden.<br>(1)\u6240\u6709\u5fb7\u570b\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u6b0a\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u767b\u8a18\u6216\u8a31\u53ef\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u548c\u5e73\u5730\u3001\u975e\u6b66\u88c5\u5730\u96c6\u6703\u3002<br>(2)\u5bf9\u65bc\u9732\u5929\u96c6\u6703\uff0c\u8be5\u6b0a\u5229\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>\u7f8e\u570b\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u96c6\u6703\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u56b4\u683c\u52a0\u4ee5\u5340\u5206\uff0c\u7686\u8996\u70ba\u5bf9\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u7ba1\u5236\u3002<\/summary>\n<p>\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a00\u8ad6\u5167\u5bb9\u6240\u70ba\u9650\u5236(Content based restrictions)\u3002<br>\u9055\u61b2\u5bc6\u67e5\u63a1\u56b4\u683c\u5bc6\u67e5\uff0c\u8f83\u96e3\u901a\u904e\u3002<br>\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a00\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u9805\u52a0\u4ee5\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u5982:\u767c\u8868\u6642\u9593\u8207\u5730\u9ede\u3002<br>\u9055\u61b2\u5bc6\u67e5\u63a1\u4f4e\u6a19\u5bc6\u67e5\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u89c4\u5b9a\u5408\u7406\u5373\u4e0d\u8207\u61b2\u6cd5\u76f8\u9055\u80cc\u3002<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>\u82f1\u5a01:\u516c\u5171\u79e9\u5e8f\u6cd5 Public Order Act 1986<\/summary>\n<p>14 Imposing conditions on public assemblies.Subsection (1A) applies if the senior police officer, having regard tothe time or place at which and the circumstances in which any publicassembly is being held or is intended to be held, reasonably believesthat-(a)it may result in serious public disorder, serious damage toproperty or serious disruption to the life of the community.<br>14 \u5c0d\u516c\u5171\u96c6\u6703\u65bd\u52a0\u689d\u4ef6\u00b7\u5982\u9ad8\u7d1a\u8b66\u52d9\u4eba\u54e1\u5728\u9867\u53ca\u8209\u884c\u6216\u64ec\u8209\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u516c\u773e\u96c6\u6703\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3001\u5730\u9ede\u53ca\u60c5\u6cc1\u5f8c\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1 &#8211;(a)\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u516c\u5171\u79e9\u5e8f\u6df7\u4e82\u3001\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\u640d\u5931\u6216\u56b4\u91cd\u64fe\u4e82\u793e\u5340\u751f<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u56fd\u61b2\u6cd5\u589e\u4fee\u689d\u6587\u7b2c\u4e94\u689d\u7b2c\u4e94\u9805:\uff1a\u653f\u9ee8\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u6216\u5176\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5371\u5bb3\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u4e4b\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e4b\u61b2\u653f\u79e9\u5e8f\u8005\u70ba\u9055\u61b2\u3002\u96c6\u4f1a\u6e38\u884c\u6cd5\u7b2c\u56db\u6761\uff1a\u96c6\u6703\u904a\u884c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e3b\u5f35\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u5206\u88c2\u56ed\u571f\u3002<br>\u800c\uff1a\u91cb\u5b57\u7b2c445\u865f\uff1a<br>\u96c6\u6703\u904a\u884c\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b3e\u898f\u5b9a\u9055\u53cd\u540c\u6cd5\u7b2c\u56db\u689d\u89c4\u5b9a\u8005\uff0c\u70ba\u4e0d\u4e88\u8bb8\u53ef\u4e4b\u8981\u4ef6\u3002\u4e43\u5bf9\u300c\u4e3b\u5f35\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u5206\u88c2\u570b\u571f\u300d\u4e4b\u8a00\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6a5f\u95dc\u65bc\u8a31\u53ef\u96c6\u6703\u3001\u6e38\u884c\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5f97\u5c31\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4e4b\u8a00\u8ad6\u800c\u70ba\u5bc6\u67e5\uff0c\u8207\u61b2\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u8868\u73b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u610f\u65e8\u6709\u9055\u3002<\/summary>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7591\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u653f\u6cbb\u8a00\u8bba\u5e94\u4ece\u5bbd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u767d\u800c\u5373\u523b\u7684\u5371\u9669<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e8b\u524d\u5ba1\u67e5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b54\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u91cb\u5b57\u7b2c445\u865f\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u96d6\u7136\u61b2\u6cd5\u589e\u4fee\u689d\u6587\u7b2c\u4e94\u689d\u7b2c\u4e94\u9805\u898f\u5b9a:\u300c\u653f\u9ee8\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u6216\u5176\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5371\u5bb3\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u4e4b\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e4b\u61b2\u653f\u79e9\u5e8f\u8005\u70ba\u61b2\u3002\u300d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u60df\u653f\u9ee8\u4e4b\u7d44\u6210\u70ba<strong>\u7d50\u793e\u81ea\u7531<\/strong>\u4e4b\u4fdd\u969c\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4e14\u7d44\u653f\u9ee8\u65e2\u7121\u9808\u4e8b\u524d\u8a31\u53ef\uff0c\u9808\u4fdf\u653f\u9ee8\u6210\u7acb\u5f8c\u767c\u751f\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u6216\u884c\u70ba\u5371\u5bb3\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u4e4b\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e4b\u61b2\u653f\u79e9\u5e8f\u8005\uff0c\u7d93\u61b2\u6cd5\u6cd5\u5ead\u4f5c\u6210\u89e3\u6563\u4e4b\u5224\u51b3\u5f8c\uff0c\u59cb\u5f97\u7981\u6b62\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u96c6\u4f1a\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u7ed3\u793e\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ed3\u793e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e8b\u5148\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u96c6\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u4e8b\u524d\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ed3\u793e\u9700\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5baa\u6cd5\u6cd5\u5ead\u5224\u5b9a\uff0c\u96c6\u4f1a\u662f\u7531\u8b66\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u5224\u5b9a\uff0c\u8b66\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u4e0e\u5baa\u6cd5\u6cd5\u5ead\u6743\u529b\u6709\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u76f8\u95dc\u6a5f\u95dc\u5185\u653f\u90e8\u4ee5\u96c6\u6703\u6e38\u884c\u6cd5\u7b2c\u56db\u689d\u8206\u6cd5\u589e\u4fee\u689d\u6587\u7b2c\u4e94\u689d\u4e0a\u89c4\u5b9a\u76f8\u547c\u61c9\u4e91\u4e91\uff0c\u81ea\u975e\u53ef\u63a1\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u96c6\u6703\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u7d50\u793e\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u5dee\u7570:\u96c6\u6703\u662f\u6682\u6642\u6027\uff0c\u7d50\u793e\u70ba\u6c38\u4e45\u6027<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u96c6\u6703\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u5c0d\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u5b58\u4ea1\u9020\u6210\u660e\u767d\u4e14\u5373\u523b\u7684\u5371\u96aa<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5fb7\u56fd\uff1a\u653f\u9ee8\u6709\u9055\u61b2\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8981\u4f7f\u5f97\u6c11\u4e3b\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u9632\u885b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u53f8\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\">\u7b2c\u516b\u8b1b\uff1a\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u53f8\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u6279\u8bc4\u4e0e\u8a00\u8bba\u4e4b\u8fb9\u754c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lord atkin:<br>Justice is not a cloistered virtue. she must be allowed tosuffer the scrutiny and respectful, even though outspokencomments of ordinary men.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b63\u4e49\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u4e16\u9694\u7edd\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3002\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u5fcd\u53d7\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u5ba1\u89c6\u548c\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f4\u8a00\u4e0d\u8bb3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c0d\u65bc\u53f8\u6cd5\u4eba\u54e1\u4e4b\u6279\u8a55\u662f\u5426\u6709\u754c\u9650 ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927:\u9700\u6279\u8a55\u5c0d\u65bc\u53f8\u6cd5\u4e4b\u516c\u5e73\u5be9\u5224\u69cb\u6210\u5be6\u8cea\u5371\u96aa(Real danger)\u624d\u69cb\u6210\u85d0\u8996\u6cd5\u5ead\u7f6a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bridges v. California, 314 U.S.252(1941)         JUSTICE BLACK:<br>\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u50f9\u503c\u61c9\u7576\u9ad8\u65bc\u53f8\u6cd5\u5c0a\u56b4\u4e4b\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u8a00\u8ad6\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u6b63\u5728\u9032\u884c\u4e2d\u4e4b\u5bc6\u5224\u6642\u624d\u4e0d\u613f\u8be5\u53d7\u5230\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u4e4b\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u6743\u6cd5\u9662\uff1a\u5c0d\u65bc\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u4e0d\u53d7\u5230\u85d0\u8996\u6cd5\u5ead\u7f6a\u4e4b\u62d8\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u570b:\u53f8\u6cd5\u53d7\u5230\u5c0a\u91cd\u6e90\u65bc\u5176\u5c0d\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u7fa9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>2.\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u6848\u4ef6\u6709\u7121\u9650\u5236?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u570b:\u8a00\u8ad6\u662f\u5426\u6703\u4e3b\u5c0e\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u5be9\u5224\u65b9\u5411\u8207\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u56fdCntempt of court act 1981:<br>\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u95dc\u966a\u5bc6\u5718\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u7686\u4e0d\u5f97\u5831\u5c0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u570b:\u653e\u4efb\u5831\u7d19\u5bf9\u65bc\u6848\u4ef6\u9032\u884c\u871c\u5224\u6703\u81f4\u53f8\u6cd5\u5931\u53bb\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8f03\u5f31\u52e2\u4e4b\u4eba\u6c11\u5931\u53bb\u53f8\u6cd5\u6551\u6fdf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u56fd\u85d0\u8996\u6cd5\u5ead\u6cd5\u5047\u8a2d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1.\u5831\u5c0e\u5c0d\u65bc\u672a\u4f86\u6848\u4ef6\u4e4b\u5be9\u5224\u6703\u9020\u6210\u56b4\u91cd\u504f\u5411<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.\u6848\u4ef6\u53d7\u516c\u5e73\u5be9\u5224\u4e4b\u50f9\u503c\u9060\u5927\u65bc\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u50f9\u503c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Contempt ofCourt Act 1981\u7b2c\u4e8c\u689d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9805:<br>The strict liability rule applies only to a publication whichcreates a substantial risk that the course of justice in theproceedings in question will be seriously impeded orprejudiced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The strict liability rule applies to a publication only if theproceedings in question are active within the meaning of thissection at the time of the publication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e25\u683c\u8d54\u507f\u8d23\u4efb\u89c4\u5219\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6709\u5173\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u963b\u788d\u6216\u635f\u5bb3\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e25\u683c\u8d54\u507f\u8d23\u4efb\u89c4\u5219\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u53d1\u5e03\u65f6\u6709\u5173\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u672c\u8282\u542b\u4e49\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u85d0\u8996\u6cd5\u5ead\u7f6a\u9700\u8003\u616e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1.\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u51fa\u7248\u6642\u9593\u8207\u8a34\u8a1f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u958b\u59cb\u4e4b\u9593\u9694\u9577\u5ea6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.\u7528\u5b57\u9063\u8a5e\u7684\u5f37\u5f31\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.\u5c0d\u65bc\u7f6a\u540d\u4e4b\u6307\u63a7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dagenais v Canadian Broadcasting Corp [1994]3 S.C.R.835<br>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6cd5\u9662\u5047\u5b9a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1.\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c0d\u65bc\u966a\u871c\u5718\u5224\u65b7\u6709\u5f37\u70c8\u5f71\u97ff<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.\u516c\u4e4e\u5bc6\u5224\u4e4b\u50f9\u503c\u5927\u65bc\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u50f9\u503c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u6b0a\u6cd5\u9662:<br>\u50c5\u5be9\u67e5\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u9650\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u65bc\u6cd5\u9662\u5c0a\u8207\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u503c\u70ba\u6b0a\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u7121\u904e\u5931\u8d23\u4efb\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u6c11\u6279\u8bc4\u6cd5\u9662\u5c06\u904e\u5ea6\u4fb5\u5bb3\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Contempt of Court Act 1981:<br>If the preceding prejudice are active\u2026<br>\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9\u6b63\u5728\u9032\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u6848\u5b50\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6cd5\u9662\u4e0d\u80fd\u9650\u5236\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u6848\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.\u53d7\u793e\u6703\u77da\u76ee\u4e4b\u6848\u5b50\u5448\u73fe\u5728\u96fb\u8996\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u56fdScott &amp; AnorvScott[1913]AC 417 :<br>\u6cd5\u9662\u4e0d\u5f97\u56e0\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u8072\u8acb\u800c\u7981\u6b62\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\u6848\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u6b0a\u516c\u7d04\u7b2c\u516d\u689d<br>\u4e00\u3001\u5728\u6c7a\u5b9a\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a\u5229\u8207\u7fa9\u52d9\u6216\u5728\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5bf9\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5211\u4e8b\u7f6a\u540d\u6642\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6709\u6b0a\u5728\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5185\u53d7\u5230\u4f9d\u6cd5\u8a2d\u7acb\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u8207\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e4b\u516c\u5e73\u8207\u516c\u958b\u7684\u5bc6\u8a0a\u3002\u5224\u6c7a\u61c9\u516c\u958b\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u4f46\u70ba\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u516c\u5171\u79e9\u5e8f\u6216\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u8be5\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u70ba\u4e86\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6216\u4fdd\u8b77\u5e38\u4e8b\u5404\u65b9\u7684\u79c1\u751f\u6d3b\u6709\u6b64\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6216\u6cd5\u9662\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u5176\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u516c\u958b\u5c07\u6709\u640d\u65bc\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u5805\u6301\u6709\u6b64\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u62d2\u7d55\u8a18\u8005\u8207\u516c\u773e\u65c1\u807d\u5168\u90e8\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u871c\u5224\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001\u51e1\u53d7\u5211\u4e8b\u7f6a\u7684\u63a7\u544a\u8005\u5728\u672a\u7d93\u4f9d\u6cd5\u8b49\u660e\u6709\u7f6a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u88ab\u63a8\u5b9a\u70ba\u7121\u7f6a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e09\u3001\u51e1\u53d7\u5211\u4e8b\u7f6a\u7684\u63a7\u544a\u8005\u5177\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u5229:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>(\u7532)\u7acb\u5373\u4ee5\u4ed6\u6240\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u8a9e\u6587\u4e26\u8be6\u7d30\u5730\u544a\u4ee5\u4ed6\u88ab\u63a7\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u548c\u539f\u56e0;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(\u4e59)\u70ba\u6e96\u5099\u8faf\u8b77\uff0c\u61c9\u6709\u9069\u7576\u7684\u6642\u9593\u548c\u4fbf\u5229;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(\u4e19)\u7531\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u6216\u7531\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df2\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5354\u52a9\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u9032\u884c\u8fa9\u8b77\uff0c\u6216\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u7121\u529b\u652f\u4ed8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5354\u52a9\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u5219\u70ba\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4e88\u514d\u8d39;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(\u4e01)\u8a0a\u554f\u4e0d\u5229\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u8b49\u4eba\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u8207\u4e0d\u5229\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u8b49\u4eba\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u8b49\u4eba\u51fa\u5ead\u53d7\u8a0a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(\u620a)\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u61c2\u6216\u4e0d\u6703\u8b1b\u6cd5\u9662\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u6587\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8acb\u6c42\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u8b6f\u54e1\u5354\u52a9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>4.\u5a92\u9ad4\u53ef\u5426\u9032\u5165\u6cd5\u9662\u9032\u884c\u63a1\u8a2a ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e16\u754c\u591a\u6578\u4e4b\u6cd5\u9662\u7981\u6b62\u5a92\u9ad4\u9032\u5165\u6cd5\u9662\u63a1\u8a2a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u8fdb\u5165\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5f55\u50cf\uff0c\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u7eb8\u4e0a\u753b\u753b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bridges v. california, 314 u.S.252(1941):<br>\u8a00\u8ad6\u5c0d\u871c\u5224\u9020\u6210\u7acb\u5373\u5371\u96aa(immediate danger)\u6642\u624d\u53ef\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7981\u6b62\u5831\u7d19\u871c\u5224\u4e4b\u7406\u7531\uff1a1.\u7dad\u7e6b\u53f8\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd\uff1b2.\u4fdd\u969c\u516c\u6b63\u871c\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f8e\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c\u516d\u4fee\u6b63\u6848(Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution)<br>\u2026the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial juryof the State and district wherein the crime shall have beencommitted,which district shall have been previouslyascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature andcause of the accusation.\u6709\u7531\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u5730\u7684\u5dde\u548c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u516c\u6b63\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u4e88\u4ee5\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u548c\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u5e94\u4e8b\u5148\u5df2\u7531\u6cd5\u5f8b\u786e\u5b9a;\u5f97\u77e5\u88ab\u63a7\u544a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u7b2c\u4e5d\u8b1b\uff1a\u8272\u60c5\u8a00\u8ad6\">\u7b2c\u4e5d\u8b1b\uff1a\u8272\u60c5\u8a00\u8ad6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p> \u53f0\u6e7e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u91cb\u5b57617\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u70ba\u7dad\u6301\u7537\u5973\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6027\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\u60c5\u8207\u793e\u6703\u98a8\u5316\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u6a5f\u95dc\u5982\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u52a0\u4ee5\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u5247\u91cb\u61b2\u8005\u5c31\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u95dc\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u591a\u6578\u5171\u901a\u50f9\u503c\u6240\u70ba\u4e4b\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u613f\u4e88\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u60df\u70ba\u8cab\u5fb9\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6c11\u8a00\u8ad6\u53ca\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u672c\u65e8\uff0c\u9664\u70ba\u7dad\u8b77\u793e\u6703\u591a\u6570\u5171\u901a\u4e4b\u6027\u50f9\u503c\u79e9\u5e8f\u6240\u5fc5\u8981\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u52a0\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u8005\u5916\uff0c\u4ecd\u61c9\u5bf9\u5c11\u6578\u6027\u6587\u5316\u65cf\u7fa4\u4f9d\u5176\u6027\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\u60c5\u8207\u5bf9\u793e\u6703\u98a8\u5316\u4e4b\u8a8d\u77e5\u800c\u5f62\u8af8\u70ba\u6027\u8a00\u8ad6\u8868\u73fe\u6216\u6027\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6d41\u901a\u8005\uff0c\u4e88\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u91cb\u5b57623\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5c11\u5e74\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u9632\u5236\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u689d\u898f\u5b9a\u70ba\u5371\u96aa\u72af\uff0c\u8207\u540c\u4f8b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u689d\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u689d\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u689d\u3001\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u767e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u689d\u3001\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u7dad\u8b77\u6cd5\u7b2c\u516b\u5341\u689d\u898f\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5be6\u5bb3\u72af\u4e4b\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684\u5404\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u5176\u5211\u5ea6\u6216\u5236\u88c1\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b70\u8f15\u5b70\u91cd;\u53e6\u96fb\u5b50\u8a0a\u865f\u3001\u96fb\u8def\u8207\u5e7f\u544a\u7269\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u3001\u5ee3\u64ad\u3001\u96fb\u8996\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e4b\u8cc7\u8baf\u53d6\u5f97\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5982\u8861\u914c\u79d1\u6280\u4e4b\u767c\u5c55\u53ef\u56b4\u683c\u5340\u5206\u5176\u95b1\u807d\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u61c9\u7531\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6a5f\u95dc\u5efa\u7acb\u5206\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\u4ee5\u7b26\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5219\u4e4b\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8272\u60c5 Pornography<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Q:\u8272\u60c5\u61c9\u5728\u4f55\u7a2e\u7bc4\u570d\u5185\u514d\u65bc\u9650\u5236 ?<\/summary>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Q:\u8272\u60c5\u5c6c\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e ?<\/summary>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Barnes v.Glen Theatre,inc.,501 U.S.560(1991) \u8131\u5149\u8863\u670d\u8868\u6f14\uff0c\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u4e3a\u8868\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u8a00\u8bba\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Q:\u8272\u60c5\u8a00\u8bba\u9700\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u6765\u4fdd\u969c\uff1f<br>1\u3001\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4fdd\u969c\u77e5\u8bc6\u6027\u7684\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u89c6\u89c9\u827a\u672f\u3002<br>2\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8868\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/summary>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u986f\u7136\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u6750\u6599 sexually explicit materia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7325\u4eb5 Obscenity      &#8212;\u8272\u60c5\u4e4b\u6700\u4e3a\u7325\u4eb5\uff08hard core\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fdd\u62a4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7325\u4eb5\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8868\u8fbe\u610f\u5ff5\u3001\u662f\u5426\u8bc9\u8bf8\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u662f\u5426\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u60c5\u7eea\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53f0\u6e7e\u91cb\u5b57407\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u884c\u653f\u9662\u65b0\u805e\u5c40\u4f9d\u51fa\u7248\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u70ba\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u4e2d\u592e\u4e3b\u7ba1\u95dc\uff0c\u5176\u659f\u914c\u6211\u570b\u793e\u6703\u60c5\u6cc1\u53ca\u98a8\u4fd7\u7fd2\u60ef\uff0c\u65bc\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u516b\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\u4e8c\u6708\u5341\u65e5(\u516b\u4e00)\u5f37\u7248\u5b57\u7b2c\u25cb\u4e8c\u4e8c\u4e03\u4e94\u865f\u51fd\u91cb\u8b02\u300c\u5c80\u7248\u54c1\u8a18\u8f09\u89f8\u72af\u6216\u717d\u52d5\u4ed6\u4eba\u89f8\u72af\u51fa\u7248\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u689d\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b3e\u59a8\u5bb3\u98a8\u5316\u7f6a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5de6\u5217\u5404\u6b3e\u70ba\u8861\u91cf\u6a19\u6e96:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7532\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u8a18\u8f7d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8a98\u767c\u4ed6\u4eba\u6027\u60a0\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e59\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u8272\u60c5\u884c\u70ba\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e19\u3001\u4eba\u9ad4\u5716\u7247\u523b\u610f\u66b4\u9732\u4e73\u90e8\u3001\u81c0\u90e8\u6216\u6027\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u975e\u4f9b\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u7528\u6216\u85dd\u8853\u5c55\u89bd\u8005\u3002\u4e86\u3001\u520a\u767b\u5a66\u5973\u88f8\u9ad4\u7167\u7247\u3001\u96d6\u672a\u9732\u51fa\u4e73\u90e8\u3001\u81c0\u90e8\u6216\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u800c\u59ff\u614b\u6deb\u8569\u8005\u3002\u620a\u3001\u96d6\u6d89\u53ca\u91ab\u85e5\u3001\u885b\u751f\u3001\u4fdd\u5065\u3001\u4f46\u5c0d\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u904e\u5206\u63cf\u8ff0\u8005\u300d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Cohen v. California 403 U.S.15 (1971)           &#8211;J. Harlan:<br>much linguistic expression serves a dual communicative function:it conveys not only ideas capable of relatively precise, detachedexplication, but otherwise inexpressible emotions as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u4ea4\u9645\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f20\u8fbe\u80fd\u591f\u76f8\u5bf9\u51c6\u786e\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u9610\u91ca\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f20\u8fbe\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u65e0\u6cd5\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ideologicalobscenity\uff1aIt does appeal to the intellect or artistic sensitivity  \u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u718a\u4e0a\u7684\u7325\u893b \u4e0d\u7b97\u7325\u4eb5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moral down ofsociety \u793e\u6703\u9053\u5fb7\u7039\u88f5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7325\u4eb5\u8a00\u8ad6\u81f4\u751f\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u640d\u5bb3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>\u4fdd\u8b77\u85dd\u8853\u53ca\u77e5\u8b58<\/summary>\n<p>\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c235\u689d<br>\u7b2c235 \u689d<br>\u6563\u5e03\u3001\u64ad\u9001\u6216\u8ca9\u8ce3\u7325\u4eb5\u4e4b\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u5716\u756b\u3001\u8072\u97f3\u3001\u5f71\u50cf\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u6216\u516c\u7136\u9673\u5217\uff0c\u6216\u4ee5\u4ed6\u6cd5\u4f9b\u4eba\u89c0\u89bd\u3001\u807d\u805e\u8005\uff0c\u8655\u4e8c\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6709\u671f\u5f92\u5211\u3001\u62d8\u5f79\u6216\u79d1\u6216\u4f75\u79d1\u4e5d\u842c\u5143\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f70\u91d1\u3002\u610f\u5716\u6563\u5e03\u3001\u64ad\u9001\u3001\u8ca9\u8ce3\u800c\u88fd\u9020\u3001\u6301\u6709\u524d\u9805\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u5716\u756b\u3001\u97f3\u3001\u5f71\u50cf\u53ca\u5176\u9644\u8457\u7269\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u54c1\u8005\uff0c\u4ea6\u540c\u3002\u524d\u4e8c\u9805\u4e4b\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u5716\u756b\u3001\u8072\u97f3\u6216\u5f71\u50cf\u4e4b\u9644\u8457\u7269\u53ca\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u554f\u5c6c\u65bc\u72af\u4eba\u8206\u5426\uff0c\u6c92\u6536\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p>\u516c\u7136\u5c55\u793a\u4f7f\u4eba\u4e0d\u60a6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Miller v.California,413 U.S.15(1973) \u7325\u4eb5\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>works which, taken as a whole, appeal to the prurient interest insex, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>which portray sexual conduct in a patently offensive way, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>andwhich, taken as a whole, do not have serious literary, artistic,political, or scientific value.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Criminal Code -R.s.c.,1985,c.C-46  S163-8   \u52a0\u62ff\u5927<br>\u2026any publication a dominant characteristic of which is theundue exploitation of sex\u2026shall be deemed to be obscene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5a01\u80c1\u8a00\u8bba\u6216\u7325\u4eb5\u4e66\u520a\u4f24\u5bb3\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u8868\u8fbe\u67d0\u79cd\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u8d5e\u540c\u6216\u8005\u8981\u7ef4\u6301\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u7b2c\u5341\u8b1b\uff1a\u5546\u696d\u8a00\u8ad6\">\u7b2c\u5341\u8b1b\uff1a\u5546\u696d\u8a00\u8ad6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u570b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Advertising Standards Authority \u5ee3\u544a\u6a19\u6e96\u6a5f\u69cb(\u81ea\u5f8b\u6a5f\u95dc)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>professional advertising \u8077\u696d\u5718\u9ad4\u5ee3\u544a  \u7531\u8077\u696d\u5de5\u6703\u8a02\u5b9a\u898f\u5247\u81ea\u5f8b\/\u4ed6\u5f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bigelow v. Virginia, 421 u.S.809(1975)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7ef4\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u9f13\u52b1\/\u6566\u4fc3\u5815\u80ce\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u90fd\u4e0d\u5728\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\uff1b\u5815\u80ce\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u91cd\u5927\u5229\u76ca\u4e8b\u9879\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u5973\u4eba\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6000\u5b55\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53bb\u5815\u80ce\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Roe v. Wade 1973 \u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\uff1a\u5987\u5973\u5728\u6000\u80ce\u7684\u524d\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5f53\u80ce\u513f\u5982\u679c\u8131\u79bb\u6bcd\u4eb2\u800c\u72ec\u7acb\u662f\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u5229\u76ca\u5927\u4e8e\u80ce\u513f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v.Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc., 425 U.S.748(1976)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pure commercial advertising \u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5e7f\u544a\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5e7f\u544a\u5173\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\/\u67d0\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\/\u8baf\u606f\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u53d7\u5230\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5546\u4e1a\u8a00\u8bba\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0d\u8868\u4e49\uff08\u6c89\u9ed8\uff09\u7684\u81ea\u7531<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Q:\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u5546\u696d\u8a00\u8ad6(CommercialSpeech)?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc., 425 U.S.748 (1976) J. Blackmun\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Our question is whether speech which does &#8220;no more than propose a commercial transaction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u4e4b\u50f9\u683c\u53ca\u8cc7\u8baf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4fc3\u6210\u5546\u696d\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u8a00\u8ad6\u3002\u6b64\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4fc2\u72f9\u7fa9\u7684\u5546\u696d\u8a00\u8ad6\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u9808\u6eff\u8db3:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e00\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u4e4b\u50f9\u683c\u6216\u8cc7\u8a0a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001\u70ba\u4fc3\u6210\u5546\u696d\u4ea4\u6613<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Central Hudson Gas &amp; Electric Corp. v.Public Service Commission,447 U.S.557(1980) \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Commission&#8217;s order restricts only commercialspeech, that is,expression related solely to theeconomic interests of the speaker and its audience.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8a72\u5229\u76ca\u70ba\u8a00\u8005\u8207\u807d\u8005\u4e4b\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4fc2\u70ba\u5411\u4e4b\u5229\u76ca\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1.\u8a00\u8005\u725f\u5229\u4e4b\u52d5\u6a5f Profiting motive of the speaker or publisher<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.\u8a00\u8ad6\u50c5\u53ca\u65bc\u96d9\u65b9\u7d93\u6fdf\u5229\u76ca<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Barthold v Germany,(1985)7 EHRR 383\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u517d\u533b\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u8868\u5e7f\u544a\u800c\u8fdd\u53cd\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u6743\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u6761<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Open Door and Dublin Well Women v.lreland (1992)15 EHRR 244\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5173\u4e8e\u5815\u80ce\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5546\u4e1a\u8a00\u8bba\u90fd\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5229\u76ca<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Marc Kaskyv.Nike,Inc,123 S.Ct.2554(2003)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Constitution of the United States      Article lll, Section 2<br>The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arisingunder this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treatiesmade, or which shall be made, under their Authority; to all Casesaffecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; to allCases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction; to Controversies to whichthe United States shall be a Party, to Controversies between two ormore States; between a State and Citizens of another State,-betweenCitizens of diferent States,-between Citizens of the same Stateclaiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State,or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.<br>\u53f8\u6cd5\u6743\u5e94\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u6839\u636e\u672c\u5baa\u6cd5\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u6839\u636e\u5176\u6743\u529b\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u8861\u5e73\u6cd5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6848\u4ef6\uff1b \u81f4\u6240\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u4f7f\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u52a1\u90e8\u957f\u548c\u9886\u4e8b\uff1b \u6240\u6709\u6d77\u4e8b\u548c\u6d77\u4e8b\u7ba1\u8f96\u6743\u6848\u4ef6\uff1b \u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3001\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff1b \u4e00\u56fd\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6388\u4e88\u571f\u5730\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u56fd\u6216\u5176\u516c\u6c11\u4e0e\u5916\u56fd\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u6216\u81e3\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Q:\u5546\u696d\u8a00\u8ad6\u662f\u5426\u5c6c\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4fdd\u969c\u7bc4 ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4fdd\u969c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff1a\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5546\u54c1\u5145\u5206\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u5546\u696d\u8cc7\u8baf\u81ea\u7531\u6d41\u901a\u6240\u5177\u4e4b\u5229\u76ca\u53ef\u652f\u6301\u5546\u696d\u8a00\u8ad6\u61c9\u5c6c\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u7406\u7531\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u540c\u70ba\u4fdd\u969c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6b0a\u76ca\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u9700\u8981\u6709\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6b64\u4e8b\u70ba\u5584\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8a8d\u70ba\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u82e5\u7121\u6cd5\u7372\u5f97\u5145\u5206\u7684\u5546\u696d\u8a00\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c06\u7121\u6cd5\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u613f\u9650\u5236\u5546\u696d\u8a00\u8ad6\uff0c\u5176\u613f\u5c6c\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u7bc4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u4e0d\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u7684\u6d41\u901a\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u5bf9\u65bc\u5546\u696d\u6d41\u901a\u5177\u6709\u5145\u5206\u5229\u76ca\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1.\u7d93\u6fdf\u5206\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5206\u914d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.\u4fc3\u9032\u7af6\u722d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ba1\u5236\u4e0e\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u7ba1\u5236\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u66f4\u9ad8\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7236\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d:\u62d2\u7d55\u9650\u5236\u5546\u696d\u8a00\u8ad6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u7981\u6b62\u5546\u4e1a\u5e7f\u544a\u7684\u8d44\u8baf\u6d41\u901a\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7236\u6743\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Central Hudson Gas &amp; Electric Corp. v.Public Service Commission, 447 U.s.557(1980)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Four-prong Central Hudson test\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1.\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u554f\u9898\uff0c\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\u865a\u507d\u4e0d\u5be6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.\u653f\u5e9c\u898f\u7bc4\u5ee3\u544a\u5177\u6709\u5be6\u8cea\u5229\u76ca<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.\u6240\u63a1\u53d6\u4e4b\u7ba1\u5236\u624b\u6bb5\u76f4\u63a5\u4fc3\u9032\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u5229\u76ca<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4.\u624b\u6bb5\u672a\u8d85\u904e\u5fc5\u8981\u7bc4\u570d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f8b\u5b50\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>44 Liquormart,Inc.v. Rhode lsland,517 U.S.484(1996)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\u4fc3\u92b7\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u4fc2\u56e0\u8a72\u884c\u70ba\u96d6\u975e\u9055\u6cd5\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u9f13\u52f5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Irwin Toy Ltd vQuebec(AG),[1989]1 S.C.R.927<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u5e7f\u544a\u6280\u672f\u804c\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5e7f\u544a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e7f\u544a\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4fb5\u72af\u7684\u662f\u5e7f\u544a\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u8fd8\u662f\u542c\u4f17\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5e7f\u544a\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u5e7f\u544a\u9650\u5236\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u5546\u4e1a\u5e7f\u544a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u54c1\u8d28\/\u6807\u51c6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5e7f\u544a\u6709\u81ea\u5c0a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5e7f\u544a\u6709\u771f\u4f2a\uff0c\u884c\u5185\u4eba\u5458\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u771f\u4f2a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u53d7\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4fdd\u969c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6c11\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5e7f\u544a\u9700\u8981\u63ed\u9732\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4eba\u6c11\u8bef\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u652f\u6301\u5546\u4e1a\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u542c\u4f17\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u51fa\u53d1\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5546\u4e1a\u8a00\u8bba\u9700\u8981\u8868\u8fbe\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f9d\u7167\u4f60\u7684\u826f\u77e5\/\u4fe1\u4ef0\u624d\u80fd\u4e3b\u5f20\u7f04\u9ed8\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6211\u6709\u4e0d\u8868\u4e49\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff1a\u6211\u6709\u4e0d\u88ab\u8feb\u8d5e\u540c\u6211\u6240\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u70df\u54c1\u5e7f\u544a\u5404\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1aRJR-MacDonaldIncvCanada(AG),[199513 S.C.R.199<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u8b1b\uff1a\u5ee3\u96fb\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u6307\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u673a\u6784\u3001\u56e2\u4f53<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>mass\/institutional freedom ofspeech \u5927\u773e\u50b3\u64ad\u5a92\u9ad4\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6c11\u4e3b\u8aaa:\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c0d\u65bc\u4fc3\u9032\u6c11\u4e3b\u6709\u76ca<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Press Freedom and Free Speech\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8a8d\u70ba\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531=\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5fb7\u570b\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e94\u689d    GG\u00a75\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>(1)Jeder hat das Recht seine Meinung in Wort, Schrift und Bild freizu \u00a4uBern und zu verbreiten und sich aus allgemein zug\u00e4nglichenQuellen un gehindert zu unterrichten. Die Pressefreiheit und dieFreiheit der Berichterstattung durch Rundfunk und Film werdengew\u00e4hrleistet. Eine Zensur findet nicht statt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1\u3001\u4eba\u4eba\u6709\u4ee5\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u53ca\u5716\u756b\u81ea\u7531\u8868\u793a\u53ca\u50b3\u5e03\u5176\u610f\u898b\u4e4b\u5229\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u81ea\u4e00\u822c\u516c\u958b\u4e4b\u4f86\u6e90\u63a5\u53d7\u8cc7\u8a0a\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u963b\u7919\u4e4b\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u53ca\u5ee3\u64ad\u8206\u96fb\u5f71\u4e4b\u5831\u81ea\u7531\u61c9\u4fdd\u969c\u4e4b\u3002\u4e8b\u524d\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5f97\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.\u8a8d\u70ba\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531 \u2260 \u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.\u8a8d\u70ba\u64da\u60c5\u6c89\u5c0d\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u6709\u6240\u5206\u522b\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u4f17\u66f4\u591a\u8d44\u8baf\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u8bf7\u613f\u7acb\u6cd5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53f8\u6cd5\u8005\uff1a\u88ab\u52a8\u63a5\u53d7\u4e2a\u6848<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7f8e\u570b:\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7121\u5340\u5206\u7279\u6b8a\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Miami Herald Pub.Co.v.Tornillo,418 U.S.241(1974)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u62a5\u7eb8\u3001\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u53ef\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\u51fa\u7248\u520a\u51fa\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u8eab\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5fb7\u611f:\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531(Pressefreiheit)\u3001\u5ee3\u96fb\u81ea\u7531(Rundfunkfreiheit)\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5fb7\u611f:\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u4fdd\u969cinstitutionalpress freedom\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u62a5\u7eb8\u6709\u6743\u5229\u53d7\u5230\u514d\u4e8e\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u5a92\u4f53\u7ecf\u6d4e\u538b\u529b\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u6b0a\u61b2\u7ae0\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Everyone has the following fundamental freedoms:b)freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression,including freedom of the press and other media ofcommunication;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>editorial freedom \u7de8\u8f2f\u81ea\u7531<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53f0\u6e7e \u91cb\u5b57\u7b2c364\u865f\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4ee5\u5ee3\u64ad\u53ca\u96fb\u8996\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u9054\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u6240\u4fdd\u969c\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u70ba\u4fdd\u969c\u6b64\u9879\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u61c9\u5bf9\u96fb\u6ce2\u9891\u7387\u4e4b\u4f7f\u7528\u70ba\u516c\u5e73\u5408\u7406\u4e4b\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5bf9\u65bc\u4eba\u6c11\u300c\u63a5\u8fd1\u4f7f\u7528\u50b3\u64ad\u5a92\u9ad4\u300d\u4e4b\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4ea6\u61c9\u5728\u517c\u9867\u50b3\u64ad\u5a92\u9ad4\u7de8\u8f2f\u81ea\u7531\u539f\u5219\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e88\u4ee5\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u4e26\u5747\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e4b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Miami Herald Pub.Co.v.Tornillo,418 U.S.241(1974)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51e1\u662f\u5728\u62a5\u7eb8\u91cc\u9762\u53d7\u5230\u4eba\u683c\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u7559\u6709\u56de\u5e94\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BVerfGE 95,28-Werkszeitungen\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Press freedom clearly entitles an editor to select the lettersfor publication in his paper.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u663e\u7136\u4f7f\u7f16\u8f91\u6709\u6743\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u5176\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gay Alliance Toward Equality v.Vancouver Sun,1979 CanLll 225(sCc),[1979]2 SCR 435\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7f16\u8f91\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u5e7f\u544a\u662f\u5426\u520a\u767b\u7684\u6743\u529b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5a92\u9ad4\u81ea\u7531\u6b0a\u63a2\u8a0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u62a5\u793e\u7f16\u8f91\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\u9664\u4e0e\u5176\u610f\u89c1\u4e0d\u4e00\u7684\u8bb0\u8005\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5a92\u4f53\u5784\u65ad\uff0c\u6258\u62c9\u65af\u6cd5\uff08\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6cd5\uff09\u89c4\u5b9a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8001\u677f\u4e0d\u5f97\u7ecf\u8425\u591a\u5bb6\u5a92\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Contempt of Court Act 1981 s 10\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>No court may require a person to disclose, nor is anyperson guilty of contempt of court for refusing todisclose,the source of information contained in apublication for which he is responsible, unless it beestablished to the satisfaction of the court thatdisclosure is necessary in the interests of justice ornational security or for the prevention of disorder orcrime.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u9662\u4e0d\u5f97\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u900f\u9732\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u56e0\u62d2\u7edd\u900f\u9732\u800c\u5224\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u85d0\u89c6\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4e2d\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u786e\u4fe1\u900f\u9732\u5728\u53f8\u6cd5\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6216\u4e3a\u4e86\u9884\u9632\u6df7\u4e71\u6216\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u900f\u9732\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u6b0a\u61b2\u7ae0\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1.\u62d2\u7d55\u63ed\u9732\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4f86\u6e90\u6b0a\u5c6c\u65bc\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u6b0a\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.\u62d2\u7d55\u63ed\u9732\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4f86\u6e90\u6b0a\u53ef\u7531\u6a5f\u69cb\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.\u6cd5\u9662\u4ee5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6027\u8cea\u8861\u91cf\u8cc7\u8a0a\u516c\u958b\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u6b0a\u5229\u5c6c\u65bc\u8c01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>innere pressfreiheit \u5185\u90e8\u7de8\u8f2f\u81ea\u7531<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u4ed8\u8d39\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u4f20\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Views: 0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u771f\u8c1b \u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u6709\u4eba\u7a7ffucking the draft \u7684t-shirt\u5728\u6cd5\u9662\u524d\u8d70\u52a8\u662f\u5426\u5728\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4fdd [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,2],"tags":[7,9,12,13,14,15],"class_list":["post-11","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-4","category-2","tag-7","tag-9","tag-12","tag-13","tag-14","tag-15"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/post.kongyou.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/post.kongyou.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/post.kongyou.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/post.kongyou.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/post.kongyou.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11"}],"version-history":[{"count":44,"href":"https:\/\/post.kongyou.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":314,"href":"https:\/\/post.kongyou.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11\/revisions\/314"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/post.kongyou.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/post.kongyou.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/post.kongyou.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}